Abstract
Development of Personal Space Schemata among Japanese in Late Childhood
S. Iwasaki, R.M. Lerner & T. Chihara
This study assessed whether a target child's sex and body type provide bases in late childhood of Japanese children's spatial approach/withdrawal reactions which are comparable to those found in younger Japanese and American cultural settings. Through use of a projective, felt board spatial index, an assessment was made of the personal space schemata of fourth-, fifth-, and sixth-grade middle-class Japanese children (N per grade = 46; 50 % males per grade) towards male and female Endomorph, Mesomorph, and Ectomorph stimulus figures. Indicative of cross-cultural consistency were findings that less space was used towards same-sex than towards opposite-sex stimuli, and that more space was used towards Endomorphic than Mesomorphic or Ectomorphic stimuli. Indicative of cross-cultural disparity was the finding that grade variation in spatial usage obtained. The potential use of sequential developmental research in understanding age, cultural, and historical variation in the role of organismic variables in establishing "circular functions" in ontogeny was discussed.