Two approaches to the topic of Justice are reported in this study done on 262 Japanese and 153 American college and university students. Japanese students score significantly lower than do American students on the Just World (JW) scale devised to measure belief that this is a Just World in which people get what they deserve. When faced with stories about problems of distributive justice, there is a tendency for American students to prefer the use of an equity rule in the distribution of rewards, and there is a tendency for Japanese subjects to prefer the rule of equality or parity. For both groups, evidence is reported that students who score on the internal end of a scale measuring locus of control prefer the rule of equity, but students who score on the external end of the locus of control scale prefer the rule of equality or parity.