The relations between children's gender-role attitudes, parental gender-role attitudes, and paternal authority were examined in Japan and Korea. 214 Japanese children (from 5th and 6th grades), and 220 Korean children (from 4th and 5th grades) and all of their parents participated in this study. Both Korean parents' and their children's gender-role attitudes were more traditional than those of Japanese parents and their children, and fathers and boys were more traditional than mothers and girls. The attitudes of Japanese children were influenced by those of their same-sex parents; whereas Korean children were influenced by their mothers' attitudes. Paternal authority alone did not effect children's gender-role attitudes as strongly as combined parental attitudes.

Key words: children, parents, gender-role attitudes, Japan and Korea