第9回京都大学グローバルCOE共催講演会

「心が活きる教育のための国際的拠点」

B・D合同プロジェクト「幸福感の国際比較研究」

 

Schooler博士講演会

 

  

マックスプランク人間発達研究所適応行動認知センターのSenior research scientistのLael Schooler博士は，記憶の適応的な役割，とくに現在と過去の環境の構造を統計的に分析したり，判断や意思決定に及ぼす影響を心理学実験や調査，シミュレーションによって研究しています．

 今回，東京工業大学の招聘により来日し，帰途に京都大学に来学しま した．

　　講演では，Gigerenzer博士をリーダーとする研究グループで進めている ヒューリス ティックスの認知的基盤に関する研究について ，とくに，忘却のもつベネフィット，加齢がヒューリスティックス使用に及ぼす効果，再認ヒューリスティックスの神経相関(neural correlates)，これらと幸福感との関連についてお話しいただきました．

 

日時：2008年1月26日（土曜） 午後1時半-3時　（終了しました）

 

場所： 京都大学芝蘭会館別館2F研修室I　(京都市左京区吉田牛の宮町11-1 TEL：075-771-0958)

　　アクセス・地図　京都市バス201,206,36番「京大正門前」下車　東一条交差点を南西, 旧白川通り徒歩2分，右側の建物

講演者：Lael Schooler  (Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin)

　

タイトル：Memory, heuristics，and happiness (記憶，ヒューリスティクス，そして幸福)（変更しました）

　

要旨:
A few theorists, ranging from William James to contemporary
psychologists, have argued that forgetting should not be seen as a
nuisance but as key to the proper working of human memory. Schooler &
Hertwig (2005) have proposed that forgetting may in addition prove
beneficial for making judgments that depend on whether objects are
recognized and the speed of this recognition. For example, you could use
the Recognition Heuristic (RH) to predict which of two candidates is
likely to win an election based on the heuristic that if you recognize
one but not the other, then predict the recognized one will win. To
explore the mechanisms by which forgetting could boost the efficiency of
such memory based inference heuristics, I describe a recent modeling and
empirical effort that bridges two research programs grounded in an
appreciation of the adaptive value of human cognition: The program on
fast and frugal heuristics explores cognitive processes that use limited
information to make effective decisions (Gigerenzer, Todd, & the ABC
Research Group, 1999); and the ACT-R research program (Anderson &
Lebiere, 1998) that strives for a unified theory of cognition, a
language in which to implement cognitive models, such as those studied
by the ABC Research Group. I will show how the ignorance that forgetting
brings can, paradoxically, enhance inferences about real objects in the
world. In Mata, Schooler, & Rieskamp (2007) we ask whether aging
compromise decision-making abilities. Measures of fluid intelligence,
not crystallized intelligence, explained age-related differences in
information search and strategy selection. Thus, while older adults,
like younger adults, may know which strategies are appropriate for a
given environment, cognitive decline may lead them to rely on simpler
strategies.

　

Schooler, L. J., & Hertwig, R. (2005). How forgetting aids heuristic
inference. Psychological Review, 112, 610-628.

Mata, R., Schooler, L., & Rieskamp, J. (2007). The aging decision
maker: Cognitive aging and the adaptive selection of decision
strategies. Psychology & Aging,22,796-810.

　

問合せ先：　楠見　孝　kusumi(at)educ.kyoto-u.ac.jp     (at)=@