This article deals with (a) the critical evaluation of social psychological research in India with special reference to the relevance of the conceits studied, research problems investigated and different methodological issues, (b) the importance of generating culture-sensitive data and the growing body of investigations focussed on indigeneous key concepts in different cultures, (c) the nature of the key concepts of classical Hinduism and their importance in the life styles of the vast majority of Indians, and (d) suggestions for future research on these key concepts especially in the context of modernization ideals and mental health problems.