Cultural
Basis for Ego-Functioning
M. Miyuki |
C.
G. Jung emphasizes the value of the individual as a remedy for the
ills of collective man and the mass society. What Jung means by the
individual is the one who "can stand the tensions of the opposites
in themselves". This paper examines the psychological significance
of Jung's idea of the individual in relation to the religious symbolism
of Christ, "the sorrow-laden hero", and the Taoist Golden
Flower. Both Christ and the Golden Flower are symbols of the Self;
yet, they are quite different. One is masculine while the other is
feminine. I attempt to understand the difference of these religious
symbols on the assumption that they reflect the different modes of
ego functioning in responding to the Self. As the reality principle,
the ego functions differently to adapt to an existing context. That
is, the ego functions in the "masculine" way in the masculine
patriarchal Judaeo-Christian West and in the "feminine" way
in the feminine Taoist China. This is the reason, I maintain, why
such different and contrasting symbols of the Self have been observed
in East and West. Moreover, the difference in the ego's response
to the Self, or the unconscious, can also be found in the dreams
of individuals from both cultures. However, both the masculine and
feminine functioning of the ego are mutually complementary and compensatory.
Hence, when Jun emphasizes the value of the individual as the one
who "can stand the tensions of the opposites in themselves",
he refers to the necessity of developing the feminine, receptive
functioning of the psyche, in order to cope with the ills generated
by the masculine oriented West.
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