In the first part of this paper, the present-day significance of Pavlov's notion of the artistic and thinking types based on the interaction of the two signal systems was discussed in relation to temperamental dimensions of personality. It was suggested that the first signal system predominant, artistic type is characterized by the right hemisphere predominant type, and the second signal system predominant, thinking type is characterized by the left hemisphere predominant type. In the second part, an attempt was made to construct a new cognitive mode questionnaire based upon Pavlov's notion of these two types. Two factors named analysis and abstraction scale and imagery and imagination scale were obtained with 10 items to each. Reliability and validity of the questionnaire (Cognitive Mode Questionnaires-Revised; CMQ R) was tested.